White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
10⁹/LThe total number of immune cells circulating in your blood.
Why it matters
Rises with infection and inflammation, falls with some medications and viral illness — a broad first look at immune health.
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Every marker below is read against optimal ranges — not just the lab reference band — and explained by a clinician on your results call.
The total number of immune cells circulating in your blood.
Why it matters
Rises with infection and inflammation, falls with some medications and viral illness — a broad first look at immune health.
How many red blood cells you have carrying oxygen around your body.
Why it matters
Low counts mean less oxygen reaching your tissues, which is felt as breathlessness and fatigue.
The iron-containing protein in red cells that actually carries oxygen.
Why it matters
The defining measure of anaemia, and one of the most common explanations for unexplained tiredness.
The proportion of your blood made up of red cells, by volume.
Why it matters
Read with haemoglobin to distinguish true anaemia from simple dehydration.
The average size of your red blood cells.
Why it matters
Small cells point to iron deficiency; large cells point to B12 or folate. It tells us where to look next.
The average amount of haemoglobin inside each red cell.
Why it matters
Supports MCV in separating the different causes of anaemia.
How concentrated the haemoglobin is within each red cell.
Why it matters
Helps identify specific red-cell disorders that the other indices can miss.
How much your red blood cells vary in size.
Why it matters
Often the earliest abnormal marker in developing iron deficiency, before any other value shifts.
The cell fragments that let your blood clot.
Why it matters
Too few risks bleeding, too many risks clotting — and either can flag a problem in the bone marrow.
The average size of your platelets.
Why it matters
Larger platelets are younger and more active, giving a clue about how fast they are being produced.
The immune cells that handle viruses and long-term immunity.
Why it matters
Typically raised in viral infection and suppressed by chronic stress.
Immune cells that clear debris and support longer-running immune responses.
Why it matters
Persistently raised counts can point to chronic inflammation.
The immune cells that respond first to bacterial infection.
Why it matters
High counts suggest bacterial infection or stress; very low counts leave you vulnerable to infection.
Immune cells involved in allergy and parasitic infection.
Why it matters
A raised count often points to underlying allergy, asthma or eczema.
The rarest white cells, involved in allergic and inflammatory responses.
Why it matters
Rarely abnormal alone, but useful as part of the full immune picture.
An enzyme from the liver, bile ducts and bone.
Why it matters
Raised levels point either to a bile-flow problem or to active bone turnover.
A waste product from the breakdown of purines in food and cells.
Why it matters
High levels cause gout and are linked to high blood pressure and metabolic problems.
An enzyme released when muscle is broken down.
Why it matters
Rises after hard exercise, and flags muscle side effects from cholesterol medication.
An enzyme found in the liver, heart and muscle.
Why it matters
Read against ALT, the ratio between them helps distinguish liver causes from muscle causes.
The mineral behind bone strength, muscle contraction and nerve signalling.
Why it matters
Tightly controlled by your body, so abnormal levels usually point to a parathyroid, kidney or vitamin D problem.
Your calcium adjusted for albumin level.
Why it matters
A truer reading than total calcium when protein levels are abnormal.
The main protein your liver makes, holding fluid inside your blood vessels.
Why it matters
A good measure of longer-term liver function and nutritional state.
A protein your liver releases in response to inflammation anywhere in the body.
Why it matters
Sensitive but non-specific: it confirms inflammation is present without saying where. Persistently mild elevation is linked to cardiovascular risk.
An antibody associated with rheumatoid arthritis.
Why it matters
Supports diagnosis in people with joint pain, though it is neither perfectly sensitive nor specific.
Your body's iron store — the protein that holds iron until it is needed.
Why it matters
The first thing to fall when iron runs low, often long before haemoglobin drops. A common and very treatable cause of fatigue.
The iron currently circulating in your blood.
Why it matters
Fluctuates through the day and with recent meals, so it is read alongside ferritin and transferrin rather than alone.